The music video of Michael Jackson Essay Example for Free

The music movie of Michael capital of Mississippi EssayThe music word-painting of Michael Jackson named Billie denim maybe considered as ane of the best solos written by the great artist. The song was part of the multi platinum selling 1982 album Thriller. It was produced and written by the artist himself and he believed that the song would be a hit from the beginning. He even quarreled with the producer ab stunned including it in the album. He put up a fight with his producer Quincy to redeem it in the album. The song was included in the album Thriller and became one of the well known ones in the group.The presentation mainly features Jackson being followed by another any(prenominal)one who is conceivably a detective of some sort who tries to record some proof about the relationship of MJ with a girl. As usual the whole video is shrouded in an aura of the supernatural and the vocalizer is exalted to another plane beyond that of mortals. This screwnot be counted as anyt hing extraordinary, as the technique is employed only to keep the attention of the viewer glued to the screen. The Analysis of Billie Jean The song itself is named after a girl. The girl, according to MJ, is a model of girls called groupies.Groupies, who hung around back stage doors, love performing artists, and followed them around on their tours. Such girls often suffered setbacks and were prone to drug addiction and mental instability. The song starts with MJ praising the beauty of the girl, but the mood of the singer in the video is rather gloomy. There is a private detective following him, from what follows, maybe he is trying pick up some segment of evidence. The lyrics ooze out the sympathy of the singer to the girl and the video shows him slipping from the person following him.The first feel that you get when you watch the video is the drear mood of the song as well as the lyrics. It goes without mention that the solo is rather in empathy with the girl in the poem. It is s eems as if Jackson was sad that he had broken somebodys heart. But at the aforementioned(prenominal) eon he is rough with the rough. He traps the person who tries to trap him, maybe a paparazzi of some sort. The video depicts Jackson endowed with the supernatural, as in galore(postnominal) of his other videos. It starts in a shady part of the town, being changed by the presence of the singer.The ground suits the mood of the poem and indicates the gutters in which MJs imagined lover lives. His steps are marked by light and he exudes kindness in his actions and gestures. He is followed by the detective (or reporter) who tries to be inconspicuous. After this a newspaper that shows Billy Jean Scandal written on it is shown falling from the hands of the detective, which puts us directly in the middle of the scandal that Jackson faced a short while forrader the video was made.The lighting up of the steps, the sudden alteration that happens to the man who is devoted a penny by Jackso n, his disappearing act twice in the video, all give it an appearance of the majestic presence and prowess of the singer. It is a widget used by the icon in many of his songs and this cannot be seen as something calculated to attain him a mythical icon or something equivalent. MJ was the first among many who successfully utilized short videos to convey a strong background to the song and dance, thus keeping the audience spellbound.The video is made to suit the lyrics and it is the lyrics that intelligibly get the upper hand during the song. Without such powerful lyrics the song may not have become such a hit. The best reason for this self-reliance is that the lyrics could stand alone, but the video could not stand alone and a viewer would not be capable to make heads or tails out of it. But the kid is not my sonis a very powerful phrase oft quoted within the lines in the poem. Then the newspaper headline Billie Jean Scandal clarifies only with the She says I am the one.. .At fir st it is a sign of negation, but later on the tone changes, that though he sounds to be harmonized, he is also saying that he has through nothing wrong. It is as if the singer was laying out his innocence as well as his competence to deal with the traps before the audience. I feel that we should consider the fact that MJ was also a partner in the production apart from Quincy who produced the video. Jacksons experience with the groupie an year back could have controlled the way he produced the video. If this was an outburst, he would have certainly left some clues within the video, even while negating it before the public.The clues would be there, for those who knew where to look for them. We start out that the experience was personal and reflected in the video, under close scrutiny. The girl on bed whom Jackson is photographed with, by the detective is anonymous. We should need this together with the kid is not my son. He never negates what the girl was to him. His approach to th e girl is sad and thoughtful and not menacing. The video is also sympathetic with the girl, because he approaches her in the bed. ( It could also be that it was done to trap the detective, so that the he could be trapped by the police).MJ uses several techniques in the video to make it convey the mythical image of the hero. The steps he take is always lighting up. Even the pillar he leans on lights up. Once when the detective tries to take him he just disappears. The lighting up technique is later used to show the invisible presence of MJ following the arrested detective. Another technique is the presence of the cat, which can be seen to change its size. All these things work together to capture the attention of the viewer. We should say that he succeeded in this technique.Another major success that was achieved by MJ was that he left many things unsaid and left it to the intelligent viewer to decide about it. It is true in the case of short films that often the director feels it detestable to leave out scenes that were difficult to shoot. But MJ has been alert to present only the bare minimum that was needed to present the story, and left the rest to the viewers imagination. Another great technique is the start/stop dancing technique of MJ which gained popularity with his as well as his teams support. This is what makes the video exceptional.The technique is physically very confused and gained popularity around the world with its use by MJ. The dance s banks used in the video is superb and the all compliments are due to the editor who has done wonderful job of editing the whole video to perfection. This comparatively slow number catches all the attention of the audience. Its title was actually related to another video in the same album, Wanna Be Startin Something, rather than any connection with the star tennis player, Billie Jean King. First of all, the solo was introduced into the album which was named Thriller.As we hear the song, we find that the othe r songs are fast whereas this solo could not have withstood the heavy onslaught by other numbers. But, it was Jacksons creative genius and a deep understanding of his audience that made him confident that audience could accept this slow number. He has said earlier that he knew the song would be a hit, because he felt exhilarated after writing the lyrics. His capability to keep his audience guessing along with his inimitable dancing style has made the video wonderful. I feel that the video was created with the effort enhancing the dream lover image of Michael Jackson.With the mighty stroke of an artist he establishes himself as the lover of dreams and the same time capable of outwitting his numerous enemies. He silently accepts the love of the girl, whom he agrees to be a groupie and proves to be too slippery to fall into a trap. He has appeared in another of his albums as lover cum vampire and I would even dare to say that he was a forerunner of Stephanie Meyer, who wrote the book T wilight. He has successfully established for himself, an image of the superhuman lover, that every teenager longs for in his/her unconscious. In this video, he has further enhanced it.This should be read side by side with the lyrics People always told me be careful of what you do And dont go around breaking young girls hearts And mother always told me be careful of who you love And be careful of what you do cause the lie becomes the truth Thus he indirectly speaks about his enticing personality and at the same time expiates himself of any connection with the girl in question. But then, he keeps himself open to relations. The versatile genius of MJ is very clearly brought to light and he is able to project himself as the youth icon, around the world.This video is a very good example for that. He also keeps everyone guessing and glued to the screen till the end of the video. Conclusion Michael Jackson was the undisputed king of pop music. The video was a landmark in the life of MJ. Hi s ability to touch the hearts of his viewers was once again brought to light. The video earned him many awards and made him top many charts in America as well as Europe (Michael Jackson Billie Jean (451)). Works cited Michael Jackson Billie Jean (451). July 29, 2010. 2010. http//www. last. fm/music/Michael+Jackson/_/Billie+Jean

Strategic Workforce Planning and Employment Decisions

St postgic Workforce Planning and Employment DecisionsStrategic Workforce Planning involves analyzing and forecasting the talent that companies admit to execute their business strategy, proactively rather than reactively, it is a critical strategical activity, enabling the organization to identify, develop and sustain the workforce skills it needs to successfully accomplish its strategic intent whilst balancing career and emotional statestyle goals of its employees.Strategic Workforce Planning is a relatively impertinently man mount upment process that is being used progressively to help control grind costs, assess talent needs, make in melodic lineed business decisions, and assess talent marketplace risks as part of over every(prenominal) go-ahead risk management. Strategic workforce planning is aimed at helping companies make sure they have the right tribe in the right place at the right duration and at the right priceThrough Strategic Workforce Planning organizations gai n insight into what people the organization will need, and what people will be gettable to envision those needs. In creating this collar of the gaps between an organizations demand and the available workforce supply, organizations will be able to create and rank programmes, approaches and develop strategies to close the gaps.Steps in Workforce Planning1. Environment ScanENVIRONMENT SCANNING is a form of business intelligence. In the background of Workforce Planning it is used to identify the set of facts or circumstances that surround a workforce situation or event.2. Current Workforce penCurrent State is a profile of the demand and supply factors both intern eithery and externally of the workforce the organization has today.3. Future Workforce suasionView is determining the organizations needs considering the emerging trends and issues identified during the Environment Scanning.Future View is often where the different approaches identified above are applied Quantitative futu ring understanding the future you are currently tracking to by forecasting Qualitative futuring scenario planning potential alternative futures in footing of capabilities and demographics to deliver the business strategy.4. depth psychology and Targeted FutureQualitative and quantitative futuring creates the content for an organizational unit to analyse and identify critical elements. As the critical elements are identified the Targeted Future begins to incorporate form. The targeted future is the future that the organization is going to target as being the best fit in terms of business strategy and is achievable given the surrounding factors (internal/external, supply/demand).5. Closing the GapsClosing the gaps is nigh the people management ( compassionate preferences) programs and practices that deliver the workforce needed for today and tomorrow. The process is about determining let actions to close the gaps and therefore deliver the targeted future.There are 8 key areas th at Closing the Gaps needs to focus on Resourcing,Learning and Development,Remuneproportionn,Industrial Relations,Recruitment,Retention,Knowledge Management, origin design.Strategy DevelopmentDevelop strategies for workforce transition.Basic Information to Include in the Workforce PlanList specific goals to address workforce susceptibility gaps or surpluses ( whitethorn include the following)Changes in organizational structureSuccession planningRetention programsRecruitment plansCareer increase programsLeadership developmentOrganizational provision and employee developmentUnderstand how the legal and brass instrumental frameworks for trading of supplyEvaluate the current legal requirements influencing a HR planDescribe a process for enlisting and selection of new staff (external candidates) that complies with current rule and organisational requirementsAns2Human resources are the participants as also the beneficiaries of scotch development process. In that, piece resources figure on the demand as well as the supply side of production of goods and services in the economy. On the demand side, goods and services produced are used by the valet beings to alleviate poverty, improve health, generate better living conditions, enhance general statemental levels and provide better facilities for training. Utilisation of goods and services thus leads to an melioration of quality of human resources. On the supply side, human resources and smashing form essential ingredients of production systems which transform natural and physical resources into goods and services.Complementarily between human resources and detonating device is so close that optimal increases in output and hence optimal economic festering is not feasible done increases in sensation of them any human resources or capital at the cost of the former(a). Some growth of course can be had from the increase in more conventional capital even though the labour that is available is lacking bot h in skill and knowledge. But the rate of growth will be seriously limited. It manifestly is not possible to have the fruits of modern agriculture and the abundance of modern industry without making large investments in human beings. There is an optimal ratio of human resources to capital which has to be maintained to reach the attainable rate of economic growth.Given the endowment of capital and new(prenominal) material resources, human resources could animate the production process and hence economic growth. At the equal time, unprecedented growth in human resources, disproportionate to the expression of accumulation of capital and other material resources could hinder development.Rate of growth in human resources, in turn, is heady by the two dimensions of human resources Quantity and Quality. Quantity of human resources is determined by variables such as state policy, universe of discourse structure,migration, andlabour force interlocking.Quality of human resources, on t he other hand, is influenced by the status of variables analogous didactics and traininghealth and nutrition, andequality of opportunity.In this Unit we will take into account the two dimensions of human resources Quantity and Quality in context of HRP in general and also in tourism.1. QUANTITATIVE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNINGHuman resources viewed as the productive power of human beings constitute only one of the two parts of universe of any economy. The other being the human beings without any productive power.PopulationPopulation of a coarse, in a generic wine sense, is taken as constituting the totality of all human beings of the inelegant. The i cumulation of population, viewed in this manner, appears to be very simple. However, in reality, the definitions used vary not only from country to country but even within a country depending on the purpose of enquiry. Broadly, the definitions of population used whitethorn be categorised into de facto and de jure.A de fact o (or present-in-area) concept involves complete count of all persons residents and non-residents alike physically present in the country at the time of enumeration.A de jure concept necessitates complete count of all persons considered to be normal residents of the country, irrespective of where each person is located, at the time of the census.Strict conformity to either of these concepts is not possible because of difficulties in enumeration likenationals living abroad,nomadic population,inhabitants in extremely remote areas, andpopulation in disturbed areas.Added to this, are the administrative difficulties logistic, financial and human of recording everyone at the same time. There is thus a degree of inaccuracy in the census of population of any country. The greater the number to be counted and/or the larger the area to be covered the larger is the degree of inaccuracy.Human resources being an integral part of population, growth of human resources is naturally dependent on the growth of population.Population growth, in turn, is determined by three factors Population policies, population structure and migration.a) Population PoliciesIn terms of State intervention in population planning, it is useful to differentiate between population influencing policies and population responsive policies. The former are anticipatory in nature and operate with the demographic sub-system by influencing factors primarily answerable for population growth such as fertility, marriage and mortality. The latter are essentially reactive in character which are often implemented through the socio-economic sub-system to accommodate or adjust to observed demographic trends with the help of programmes like health, nutrition, education, housing, transport network expansion and employment promotion.In an over-populated economy, sufficiently robust population influencing policies along with appropriate population responsive policies (complementary in nature) might be the optimal p opulation policy framework. In any case, understanding the structure and pattern of growth of population is essential for evolving an appropriate combination of population influencing and population responsive policies towards achieving an optimal population policy framework.b) Population StructurePopulation is a dynamic concept. Consequently, structure or typography of population at any point of time reveals two things First, it is the result of interaction in the past among factors create population growth. Second, it reveals the potential for future growth in population. In so far as population growth is concerned, there are two aspects of population composition which are close all-important(prenominal) Sex composition and age compositioni) Sex CompositionThe principal measure of fire composition is the invokeuality ratio defined as the number males per 100 females. In other words figure of speech of males in the populationSex ratio = - 100Number of females in the popula tionOne hundred is the point of balance between males and females. A sex rate above 100 de whole steps an excess of males. Likewise, a sex ratio below 100 indicates an excess of females. In general sex ratios tend to veer between 95 to 102. Heavy war losses, heavy migration and local anesthetic social considerations such as female infanticide may upset the sex ratio. In any case a sex ratio outside the range of 90 to105 is to be viewed with suspicion.Starting point for all population projections is the projection of female population on whom crucially the number of births will depend. Higher the female population, higher will be the number of births and hence the higher will be the population growth. Sex composition thus indicates the potential future growth in population.ii) Age CompositionAge composition is the distribution of population by age groups usually five year age groups. Age composition at any given point of time is the result of past trends in fertility and mortality and is also the basis for establishing future trends.In the computation rate of growth of population, future births are usually computed by applying five year age specific fertility rates to the women of child bearing age (10 to 49 historic period) at the midpoint of each five-years time interval.Data on age composition is also useful in the computation and analysis of labour supply. stintingally active age-group is considered to be 15 to 65 years. Population in the age group crucially determines the extent and composition of labour force.c) MigrationAge and sex composition are indicative of only the natural growth in population. Another factor which causes changes in population is the net migration. If the net migration is positive, the population grows at a rate faster than that indicated by natural growth. On the contrary, if the net migration is negative it causes decline in the rate of growth indicated by the natural growth.Movements from and to other regions within the countr y are termed as out-migration and in-migration, respectively, and these movements together are known as internal migration. Data on internal migration are useful, when it is intend to analyse population changes at provincial level or some other administrative level. Internal migration is a function of the inter-regional and inter-sectoral rates of growth and enlist differentials.Movement across national boundaries causes changes in the population at the national level. The effect of international migration on the national population is measured by the rate of net-migration defined asTotal immigrants Total emigrantsRate of net migration = - 1000Mid-year populationRate of population increase at any point of time equals the rate of natural increase plus the rate of net migration. working class Force ParticipationPopulation change as such do not cause changes in human resources. Rather it is the change in the economically active component of population which affects growth in the huma n resources. In terms of economic activity classification, population may be divided into workers and non-workers.Worker is defined as a person whose main activity is participation in economically productive work by his or her mental or physical presence. Work involves not only actual work but also effective supervision and direction. Workers thus defined, others in the population are considered as non-workers. For the purpose of elaboration non-workers may be categorised asfull-time students,persons industrious in household duties,infants and dependents doing no work,retired persons and renters living on rent on an agricultural or non-agricultural royalty,beggars, vagrants and others with unspecified sources of income,inmates of penal, charitable and metal institutions,unemployed but available for work, and others.Labour force or economically active population is that segment of the population whose function is to produce goods and services demanded by the whole population. Usuall y, those aged 15-64 years are considered to be in the productive age-group. However, not everyone in the productive age-group is effectively in the labour force. According to the accepted definition, labour force comprises all persons of either sex who furnish the supply of labour available for the production of economic goods and services includingemployers,employees,self-employed persons, andthose engaged in family enterprises without pay.In other words, labour-force may be defined as comprising workers and non-workers in the productive age-group who are unemployed but available for work. Labour-force participation rate is then defined asLabour forceLabour force participation rate = - 100Total populationTourismIn the case of international or domestic tourism it is not just the labour force that participates in the production of goods and services but the entire host population of the destination has a role to play. This is because in any event the economic activity, attitudes of t he host population matter a lot in creating an environment which is tourist and tourism neighbourly. There are destinations where the population plays host to tourists counting four times more than its own numbers and each and every member of the population has some role in this regard a friendly smile too has a role. Many countries and destinations have earned a brand image in hospitality. Hence, human resource planners lay stress on creating tourism awareness including dos and donts vis--vis tourists for the entire host population. Moreover, there are destinations where, quantitatively speaking, the whole population is gnarly in tourism both, directly as well as through indirect employment. But beyond a point, it is the qualitative dimension that matters and converting quantity into quality is the real challenge in HRD. fleck the quantitative dimensions assist in the analysis of human resources in terms of numbers, qualitative dimensions facilitate assessment and analysis of t he productive power in human resources. For example, four hundred drivers may be available to a tourist transport operator but he may find only 20 out of these which meet the quality standards in relation to driving skills required for handling tourist coaches.i) Education and TrainingEducation and training are the most dominant dimensions affecting quality of human resources in terms of knowledge and skills. Education and training serve both individual and social ends. To an individual, it has both vocational and cultural significance in achieving economic emancipation and social up gradation. To the society, education and training are means which make possible to take reinforcement of technological changes as well as furthering technological progress.Depending on the methods of imparting knowledge and skills, education and training may be classified into two types conventional and Informal. Formal education and training, which is imparted through schools and colleges, emphasises transfer of knowledge. Informal education and training such as on-the-job training and hereditary training lays stress on transfer of skills, i.e., practical application of knowledge.Education and training as a means of human resources planning involve critical natural selections, as no country can have all education and training. Rather, it is essential to identify priorities in education and training, emphasise programmes which have high priority and tone down or even discard programmes with a low priority. As far as development of education and training is concerned there are six choice areas which are criticalChoice between levels of education such as primary, secondary and higher education.Choice between quality and quantity in education and training.Choice between science and technology on the one hand, and humanities and liberal arts on the other hand.Choice between market forces and incentives to displume people into some occupations.Choice between the aspirations of indi viduals and needs of the society.ii) Health and NutritionHealth and nutrition status constitutes one of the most important indicators of quality of human resource, as they contribute significantly to building and maintaining a productive human resource as well as improving average expectation of life and quality of life.There are three determinants of health statusPurchasing power of people.Public sanitation, climate and availability of medical facilities.Peoples knowledge and understanding of health hygiene and nutrition.Education, health and nutrition are inter-linked and they complement each other in the process of human resources development.iii) Equality of OpportunityInvestments in human resources development do not al representations ensure proportionate development of all sections of population. In the absence of deliberate policy intervention, there are bound to be discriminations. We can say that there are three distinct forms of discriminations which are relevant to devel oping nationsSocial discrimination may take either the form of sex discrimination or discrimination among different social groups or both. For example, a few years back the air hostesses of a particular airlines petitioned in the court because their retirement age was earlier than of their male counterparts. The court upheld their petition and now the retirement age of both male and female air hostesses is same.Economic discrimination takes place largely among groups of population belonging to different economic strata classified in terms of either income generating assets.Regional discrimination can be in the form of either discrimination between rural and urban population or discrimination among population belonging to different regions.These three forms of discriminations on an individual basis and/or jointly lead to inequality of opportunities of varying degree among different sections of population.Discrimination of any form causes differential access to education and training , and health and nutrition. This in turn leads to differences in quality and productivity of human resources belonging to different segments of the population with the privileged benefiting the most and under privileged being deprived of their imputable share in the development process.Opportunity costs of discrimination are very high, as it leads to many social and economic evils apart from retarding the pace of economic development. It has been demonstrated that the national output can be further expanded by improving the average level of productivity of each individual through appropriate social and economic policies directed towards equality to opportunity in the fields of education and health.Tourism has long been recognised as a animal for economic growth and development. However, it can be beneficial to the host economies when it creates jobs for the locals. Here qualitative dimensions of HRD become an important factor for education and training of local population as per t he requirements of responsible tourism development.The dimensions, attributes and distribution of population the product of whose labour adds to national wealth constitute human resources. They are thus, the participants and beneficiaries of economic development. The demographic profile, migration and mobility and participation patterns in economic activity determine the quantitative aspects of actual and potential human resources. Investments in education and training, health and nutrition, and social welfare and quality embolden quality of human resources through enhanced labour productivity.While quantitative and qualitative dimensions only regulate supply of human resources, the other aspect of human resources planning namely the demand for human resources crucially depends on the functioning and flexibility of labour markets. Labour market analysis is a principal pawn of human resources planning, as it helps identify skill shortages and also enables a diagnosis of market fail ure to match labour supply with demand. To facilitate labour market analysis, there is a need for a comprehensive and regularly updated labour market information system.1) The variables for determining the quantitative and qualitative dimension of human resource planning areQuantitativePopulation policy,Population structure,Migration, andLabour force participation.QualitativeEducation and training,Health and nutrition, andEquality of opportunityUnderstand the effect of the organisation environment on staffDiscussAssess work life balance issues and the changing patter of work practicesImportance of HR PLANNING in organizations.Each Organisation needs personnel with necessary qualifications, skills, knowledge, experience aptitude .Need for Replacement of Personnel Replacing old, retired or disabled personnel.Meet work force shortages due to labour turnoverMeet needs of expansion / downsizing programmesCater to Future Personnel NeedsNature of present workforce in relation with Changi ng Environment helps to cope with changes in competitive forces, markets, technology, products and government regulations.Shift in demand from ERP to internet programming has increased internet programmersi) determine job for producing product / serviceii) quantify people positions requiredii) determine future staff-mixiii) assess staffing levels to avoid unnecessary costsiv) reduce delays in procuring staffv) prevent shortage / excess of staffvi) comply with legal requirementsIn organisational development, succession planning is the process of identifying and preparing adapted employees, through mentoring, training and job rotation, to deputise key personnel within an organisation if they leave.All employers need to consider the issue of succession planning to ensure that no part of the business is at risk should a particular member of staff leave the organisation.With good succession planning, employees are ready for new leadership roles as the need arises. Moreover, when pe rson leaves, a current employee is ready to step up to the plate. In addition, succession planning can help develop a diverse workforce, allowing decision makers to flavor at the future make-up of the organisation as a whole.Develop a succession plan for internal replacements, and if you will need to hire, think about the type of person or skills you will need so that if the situation arises you have already done some of the groundwork.In your succession plan you may wish to considerstaff interchange where employees swap jobs within the organisation in order to have experience in multiple positionsformal or informal mentoring arrangementscoaching of staffidentification of suitable professional development activities for high-performing staffmaking agreements to introduce flexible working arrangementscreating forward-thinking internal promotion policies livelihood staff to take increased responsibilitythe allocation of higher-grade duties or assignments.Understand the musical scor e, discipline and dismissal processIdentify the process to be followed in a grievance situationDescribe the stages of a discipline issue that results in dismissalExplain the role of ACAS, Employment tribunals and other external agencies that could be involved in grievance, discipline and dismissal processesProcess StepsThere are four main grievance process steps discovery, conciliation, internal review and arbitration. A summary of what happens at each of these step appears below. Click on a link here, or at the bottom of the page, to see a full intervention of what happens at that step in the grievance process.DiscoveryThe date when the grieving faculty member (grievant) discovered, or reasonably could have discovered, the circumstances leading to the grievance. expiationThe informal, confidential effort to resolve the grievance between the faculty member and the Board at the lowest possible administrative level before a formal grievance can be filed. This effort is normally assis ted by a FA-appointed campus conciliator.Internal Review listeningAn informal meeting schedule by the college president, or the presidents designee. The president listens to the grievant, the responding administrator and their representatives as they address the allegations contained in a timely Notice of Grievance that has been filed with the District. The president writes an Internal Review Hearing decision regarding the Notice of Grievance allegations.Arbitration HearingA formal hearing before an arbitrator chosen from a list of seven possible candidates supplied by the State Conciliation Service. Legal counsel represents both parties and all testimony by witnesses is under oath. After reviewing evidence, testimony and argument briefs from both parties, the arbitrator renders a written decision that is binding on both parties.Disciplinary and grievance procedures provide a clear and transparent framework to deal with difficulties which may arise as part of their working relation ship from either the employers or employees perspective.They are necessary to ensure that everybody is treated in the same way in similar circumstances, to ensure issues are dealt with fairly and reasonably, and that employers are compliant with current legislation and follow the Acas Code of Practice for handling disciplinary and grievance issues.Disciplinary procedures are neededSo employees know what is expected of them in terms of standards of performance or conduct (and the likely consequences of continued failure to meet these standards).To identify obstacles to individuals achieving the required standards (for example training needs, lack of clarity of job requirements, additional support needed) and take appropriate action.As an opportunity to agree suitable goals and timescales for improvement in an individuals performance or conduct.To try to resolve matters without recourse to an employment tribunal.As a point of reference for an employment tribunal should soul make a co mplaint about the way they have been dismissed.Grievance procedures are neededTo provide individuals with a course of action should they have a complaint (which they are unable to resolve through regular communication with their line manager).To provide points of contact and timescales to resolve issues of concern.To try to resolve matters without recourse to an employment tribunal.The legal positionThe statutory procedures for handling discipline and grievance issues introduced in October 2004 were widely criticised andwere repealed in their entirety with effect from 6 April 2009. (Those in Northern Ireland should note that the Employment serve 2008, which repealed th statutory procedures, is not applicable there the Department for Employment and Learning has published detailed guidanceFrom 6 April 2009 the important provisions governing discipline and grievances at work are to be found inThe Employment Act 2008The Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) (Amend ment) Regulations 2008.Numerous other pieces of legislation cross refer to discipline and grievance issues. Some important examples include theThe Employment Rights Act 1996 as amendedThe Employment Rights Dispute Resolution Act 1998The Employment Relations Act 1999The Employment Rights Act 2004.Employers own disciplinary, grievance and dismissal procedures and the Acas Code of Practiceare essential to ensure that good affray handling behaviour is adopted.The role of the Acas Code of PracticeThe Acas Code of Practice Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures was revised to reflect the removal of the statutory procedures anda new version1 came into force on 6 April 2009. CIPD endorses the Code. Following it is crucially important for employers an employment tribunal will consider whether the employer has followed the Code and, if they have not, then the tribunal may adjust any awards made by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to comply.In situations where the trigger event occurs on or after 6 April 2009, an employment tribunal will considerwhether the employer has followed the Acas Code and, if they have not, then the tribunal may adjust any awards made by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to comply.CIPD members can find out more on the content of the Code, the legal aspects of this topic and likely future developments from our FAQ on Discipline and grievances procedures in the Employment Law at Work area of our websi

Gentrification In New Chinese Urbanism Cultural Studies Essay

Gentrification In New Chinese Urbanism Cultural Studies Essay bandage the economic system in China am land up from centrally planned miserliness to market orientated economy, the Chinese urbanization besides lurched from industrial urbanism to post-industrial urbanism, especially in large cities. And the emergence of gentrification as a spic-and-span societal phenomenon at the moment has indicated the trend in the next round of urban schooling.Beijing 798 fine stratagem regulate is a typical typesetters case reflecting the general scene of such change. Through sixty years time, its identity has transform from an old industrial site to an active guile district, and is now cladding the reality to be further developed into a m unitaryymaking(prenominal) regulate gentrified by rich middle class.There is no single element capable of explaining the stain little and sophisticated picture of such go. The changing political economy and social conditions two contribute to the transformation of space oer time. However, among all, grow and capital are always the most important driven particularors in the gentrification touch on.Part 01 A Brief History of Beijing 798 Art ZonePart 02 A equation Study of SoHo, New YorkPart 03 Gentrification in Beijing 798 Art ZonePart 04 ConclusionPart 01 A Brief History of Beijing 798 Art ZoneExterior view, Beijing 798 Art Zone, 2008 Interior view, Beijing 798 Art Zone, 2008The site of 798 Art Zone was originally one part of Beijing northwards China Wireless Joint Equipment Factory. It was also called 718 Joint Factory, taking a total land area up to 600,000 sqm in northwest Beijing. In mid-fifties the early time of the cold war, the newly formed Peoples Republic of China was eager to achieve the goal of national industrialization in order to defecate its own economic system. The construction of large-scale itemories at the time was to follow the first five year plan (1953-1957), aiming to transform China from a lo ng-history inelegant country to an advanced industrial country based on the Soviet model of developing heavy industries.718 Joint Factory was initially designed by the East German experts from an architectural institution in Dessau in 1952. Influenced by Bauhaus style, the design was aimed to meet the practical demands, bring the technical and aesthetic property of new material and new structure into effect, as well as retain simplicity and flexibility. The factory was thence constructed from 1954 and put into production in 1957.Through the finished 50s, the 718 Joint Factory was regarded as the symbol of national industrialization in the Chinese capital city.In the following twenty years, China had suffered huge social and economic revolutions. Industrialization process was paused severely and even stopped for a period of time. From the failure of The Great Leap Forward in 1958 to the Reform and possible action up policy in 1979, China had shifted from centrally planned economy to market oriented economy, which resulted the fundamental changes of organization for many leftover factories from the 50s.In 1964, the supervisory program units canceled the organizational system of 718. 706,707,718,797,798 and 751 started to operate separately as independent factories. Shortly afterwards in 1970s, the once state-owned factory was converted to non-state-owned factory. However the change of organizational system didnt truly bring the expected spring. Till the 1990s, most workers in the factories were so poor that they could no longer make a maintenance here. The closing bankruptcy of the factories turned this huge area into an abandoned land at the edge of Beijing city.In December 2000, the former six factories of 700, 706, 707, 718, 797, and 798 were reorganized and incorporate into Beijing Seven-star scholarship and Technology Co., LTD. The Seven Group have goted out the empty plants on a short-term basis.Attracted by convenient traffic, extremely cheap cost, queer style of Bauhaus architecture which was featured with high ceiling, massive open floor plan and big windows, many art organizations and individual artists came to rent the vacant factories and alter them into their work and living space since 2001. Gradually, 798 became a district full of galleries, art studios and ethnical companies. The name 798 Art Zone came into being.However just when 798 Art Zone was developing prosperously, the artists were facing evictions due(p) to the pressure from both the organisation and the real estate developers. The government was proposing re-development project in 798 Art Zone and the surrounding areas for Zhong Guan Cun Science and Technology Electronic Park. And the real estate developers were investing more than and more high-end residential projects around 798 areas for the rich middle-class, which had resulted an intensively besieging situation towards the art district. similarly the rising reputation of 798 Art Zone had at tracted large tourists visit the site everyday. Art atmosphere was overwhelmed by commercial activities in the area. The rise of land price caused the displacement of artists.Many people are predicting that eventually 798 Art Zone will be transformed into a commercial zone similar to the SoHo resemblance in New York. One day only the luxury brand can afford the space and no artists will be able to stay. The staring(a) art in the so-called art zone will be dead soon.Part 02 A Comparison Study of SoHo, New YorkThe development process of SoHo in New York is the typical US example of urban landscape shaped by gentrification.SoHo is set by the southwest side of Manhattan and has been an industrial zone especially for textile firms since late nineteenth century. After the World War II, the modification in structure of advanced capitalist cities in the US with the shift from industrial to service-based economy had caused the decline of manufactories in the centre of the city. Many facto ries in SoHo started to move out, leaving large quantities of cast-iron-style buildings known as Loft in the district. While some of them were transformed to warehouses and printing plants, others were unoccupied or torn down to be replaced by gas stations, auto repair shops and parking lots and garages. By the 1950s, the area got the nickname called Hells Hundred Acres, an industrial wasteland full of sweatshops and small factories in the daytime, but empty like a ghost town at night. In the mid-1960s, many artists got interested in the area because of the industrial characters of the buildings high ceiling, generous space and big windows providing natural light. And after all, the most important fact was the low rental price, which meant that the artists could actually occupy the whole floor or even the whole building. Many of these noodles were then redesigned and converted into dual functional studios collapse living and working together. However at the time, it was actually not permitted to live in the loft by law. In a way, these artists were squatted illegally.At the time, living in a loft was not appreciated by middle-class. As Sharon Zukin wrote in his book Loft Living, it was considered neither chic nor comfortable if the possibility was considered at all. qualification home in a factory district clearly contradicted the dominant middle-class ideas of home and factory, as well as the separate environments of family and work on which these ideas were based1.It was only the choiceless option of poor artists.In 1971, the amendment of Zoning Resolution had given permission for the artists to live where they worked. The area also received landmark grant as the SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District in 1973, which had preserved the original architecture and avoided the area to be redeveloped.The change of policy and rising reputation of SoHo had attracted more and more artists to work and live here. Soon, SoHo became vibrant again as the center of art and design in New York City. The desirable cultural atmosphere created by art events, and the fluid loft space gradually formed a new lookstyle. People began to find the notion of living in a loft attractive2.An increasing number of middle-class people moved into certain cultural patterns, particularly an active appreciation of the arts and historic preservation, which had forwardly been quality domains. Their growing identification with fine arts production and fine old buildings let them first to try to protect space for artists and historic preservation and then to appropriate this space which was often in loft buildings for themselves. In this process, art and historic preservation took on a broader meaning. They became both more commercial and less elitist.3The altered view of loft living reflects the new life attitude among middle-class people between late 1970s to1980s. Most new middle-classes at the time were born after the wartime. In a trend toward a new lifestyle with fe wer children, postponed marriages and a fast-rising divorce rate, they were eager to free themselves from the conventional idea of family. Unlike their parents, their desire and dreams were defined in urban rather then suburban terms.4Theyd prefer to stay in the city to enjoy life or pursuit their careers rather than live in countryside for a peaceful (boring) life. Also, according to Raphael Samuel, the new middle-classes are outward looking rather than inward looking. They have opened up their homes to visitors, and exposed them to the public gaze.5Also they have a different emotional economy from that of their pre-war predecessors. They go in for instant rather than deferred gratification, making a positive virtue of their expenditure, and treating the self-indulgent as an ostentatious display of good taste.6The character of SoHo did fulfill their new desires the unusual way of living in a loft the freedom and passion of life from an artist neighbor home as a place taking the r ich history from the onetime(prenominal) in architecture termsThe wonderful cultural atmosphere full of art and adventure is no doubt one of the main reason that attracts the middle-class to gentrify SoHo.In this stage, culture showed its neat importance to push gentrification process. The move-in of middle-classes is the concrete evidence. And very soon the fine art production started to absorb investment of commercial capitals. Sharon Zukin regarded this type of urban renaissance model as the Artistic Mode of Production The role of capital investment will then take over the cultural effect and push forward to the next stage of gentrification.And of course the intervention of investment capitals is not just the result of the cultural attractions. It also sit in the broader social economic modification happening in the country.First is the major suburbanization process across the US caused most middle-classes moved to live in the countryside bit left the city unoccupied. The decl ined city with loads of abandoned spaces was then taken over by lower classes and homeless people. Such capital devalorization produced the rent gap, which referred to the disparity between the potential ground rent level and the actual ground rent capitalized under the present land use7. Potentially it provided great opportunities for developers to invest new projects and earn high profit. It had encouraged gentrification and urban renaissance in the US cities.Secondly, in order to alter the situation of declined city, the US government had proposed a series of urban renewal plans including the clearance of slums and encouraging real estate development. Many areas especially around central business districts (CBD) are been redeveloped into high-end apartments, commercial offices and cultural facilities, which had enlarged the CBD and improved the urban conditions of living.Thirdly, according to the law of market economy, production is always driven by consumption. Therefore, the in vestment of SoHo was driven by the fact that middle-classes had the strong will to purchase. Beside the cultural attraction, other points cannot be ignored neither such as, location advantage. The sphericalization process and the transformation of US cities from industrial to post-industrial economy had increased working opportunities in serviced-based manufacturing. The white-collar middle-class is the product of such economic situation. The globalization made big cities become the ne cardinalrked pinpoints and the command center of global economic operation. Under such extreme competitive situation, time and distance meant money and efficiency. Many white-collar employees moved to live in the declined areas close to their offices in the central business district. For this reason, SoHo was a good choice.The development of luxury housing had also caused the boom of shop and catering businesses as well as tourism in SoHo. The increasing commercial atmosphere had pushed the land pr ice dramatically. The gentrification process had forced many pioneering artists to move out due to the unaffordable price of housing. Most previous lofts are now trendy shops, pricy restaurants or expansive apartments. The Art SoHo neighborhood is steadily eroded from the street pattern by commercial landscapes.That is the development model of SoHo.Part 03 Gentrification in Beijing 798 Art ZoneThe gentrification phenomenon in China is rooted in the complex nesting of social, political, economic and cultural shifts. It is the result of aggregate forces behind the surface. And again, culture and capital play the more significant role in the game.Culture in the 798 case can be divided into two parts. One is the existing cultural value the historical Bauhaus architecture, and the other is the cultivated cultural value gradually formed by the artists. However the cultivated culture had experienced a devaluation process through the commercialization of art products. And in the end turne d culture value to commercial value.In 798 site, history and reality, industry and the arts perfectly meet. The cultural value went to its peak in the first a few years after the settle of artists. Art galleries, artist studios, salons and museums transformed this abandoned industrial site to a dreamland of art and design. The name 798 Art Zone came into being.Since this name was getting more and more famous, the actually art production and fine old industrial buildings had absorbed investment of commercial capitals. Shops and restaurants started to occupy the plots, and soon countless tourists rushed in from all over the world. 798 became one of the must-go spots in Beijings cultural tourism. The consequence is big galleries and commercial institutes remained but pioneering artists moved out due to rental price. Some third-rate artists moved in selling cheap works. You can still see paintings and sculptures everywhere in 798, however they have nothing to do with art but money. The strong whole tone of commercialized products had replaced the pure taste of art. It seems more like a 798 Commercial Zone instead of 798 Art Zone.This is the first round of absorbing capitals from its original cultural value, which happened within the art zone itself. The second round is occurring in the adjacent areas around 798 with capital investment both from the government and the developers.798 Art Zone is located in the area called Wang Jing in northeast edge of Beijing in Zone 4. One major difference between Chinese and American urbanism is that, while in America, the development is going backwards to the city site from suburban the Chinese model is to enlarge the city territory by expanding to suburban areas due to the saturation of land sources and the over-development of the city center.In planning outline of Beijing, Wang Jing, where 798 Art Zone laid is marked for the new CBD (Central Business District) and high-tech companies especially communication and Internet ind ustries. The government had proposed to build Zhong Guan Cun Science and Technology Electronic Park in 798 and its surrounding areas in 2002. Originally, all tenants in 798 factories should be evacuated by the end of 2005 in order to start construction. Through a long fight between the government and the artists, 798 Art Zone had been temporarily reserved, however still approach the risk of been demolished at some point in the future.In the Chinese case, the national capital takes the fundamental effect in the process of urbanization. polar from the US system, in China, all land sources belong to the government. While the government only takes a guiding role in the US, the Chinese government actually takes direct actions by investing with national capitals to modify urban patterns.On the other hand, the city planning strategy and investment of national capital also caused further investment from clubby developers.Because of the urban set up of CBD and high-tech zone in the area, there are a lot of white-collar middle-classes living here, which makes Wang Jing as one of the main residential districts in Beijing. And this provides great opportunities for real estate developers.Another significant factor to draw the capital from developers is the consumption belief of these white-collar middle-classes in China. In general, they share very similar character and taste with the new middle-class of the US in 1970s/1980s. The Chinese middle-class is formulating their new lifestyle. They choose to live close to work in order to achieve the best efficiency. They appreciate the value of culture. It is the new fashion to live in a cultural district to express their special taste. The only difference compared with the US situation is that they prefer to live in suburban area with a reasonable distance away from the city center in order to gain more living space in an affordable price. Clearly, these consumption views have pushed the production of large residential proj ects by the developer in this area, where perfectly match the new Chinese middle-class preferred location and cultural requirements.Overall, the input of both national and private capitals and the move-in of rich middle-classes in 798 surrounding areas had formed a besieging situation towards the art zone itself. And together with the inner commercialization process that happened in 798 Art Zone, the rental price of the studio space became extremely high. The artist community as the original cultural generator is forced to leave.That is the alone(predicate) gentrification process of the 798 case controlled by culture and capital in the Chinese urban context.Part 04 ConclusionThe sixty years development of the 798 site reflects the Chinese social economic changes. The transformation of actual space represents the shifting urbanization patterns in Chinese cities.Artists, government, city planners, developers and the middle-class all play significant roles in the gentrification proces s controlled by culture and capital factors. Similar to the SoHo model in the US, the 798 site has experienced developing stages from an iconic industrial district to an abandoned declined area, and to a vibrant art district, then finally to a commercial zone.While cultural value works as the initial activator and intermediate transforming force, national and private capitals in this Chinese case are the termination factors leading the urban gentrification process of the 798 Art Zone. Eventually, the commercial value takes over the original cultural value. The art zone becomes the past.

Economic Development In The Uae Economics Essay

Economic Development In The Uae Economics EssayUAE United Arab Emirates as we call it has managed to become the regional trading hub of the middle-east along with being an enormously growing business capital. The soil is withal referred to as the wealthiest in the Region with the GDP per capital income of around $49500 (forecast 2011). The source for much of the development goes to the oil and gas reserves of the country because the UAE has the third largest reserves of the OPEC. Even though the UAE is fairly dependent on oil as it comprises of 20% of the international GDP, yet the diversification measures are constantly taken to shift the economy away from being highly dependent on the petroleum prices. This diversified economy of The UAE is definitely a success and a role model for the all the other economies in the GCC to follow. The vision of UAE is to become the best country in the foundation by 2021. (GCC)UAE VISION 2021The vision of UAE is to be among the best countries o n the existence by 2021. They aspire to be united in knowl pass on, prosperity, set and responsibility. The vision 2021 portrays some of the responsibilities of the UAE government.UAE will introduce high whole tone global touchstone infrastructure, government run and recreational milieus.Emiratis will benefit highly from node oriented government services offered at the best quality.Excellent communication infrastructure will promote business networking and give them a leading edge when they interact with the worldUAE Government Strategy 2011-2013UAE government strategy highlights the main priorities of the government in the coming two categorys covering the period of 2011-2013. The strategy will act as a benchmark for federal entities to develop and their strategic plans. The strategy lays the foundation for the vision of 2021.The strategy is basically divided in to 7 general principlesEnhance the role of national entities and in carrying out operative regulations and cohe sive policies by successful planning and capital punishment.Enhance coordination and cooperation among National entities and transgressical anaesthetic government.Focus totally on delivering high class, cus tomer oriented and integrated government services.Spend in human resource competences and create and polish leaders. hike up efficient resource management within the national entities and leverage the dynamic partnerships.Implement a culture of brilliance through and through strategic thinking, uninterrupted exploit improvement and excellent resultsEncourage transparency and enhance the accountability mechanisms of the government throughout the federal entities.UAE is the second largest economy in the Arab gulf and it is consistently rank among the fastest growing economies of the world. During the past 40 years GDP of UAE has grown tremendously from $6.5 one thousand million in 1971 to a massive total of $1248 billion in 2011.which is roughly a 192x increase (The glorious four decades of the UAE). The per capita GDP of Dubai has increased from vitamin C000 dirhams (1975) to 174000 dirhams in (2011). This outstanding performance has forced international organizations to rank Dubai among the top emerging markets in the world along with china, Turkey, India, Singapore, Russia, Malaysia and Brazil. The strategy for the diversification of income resources has proved successful. According to local and international report the steady stintingal growth has not solely resulted from energy production and exports of oil, as the case with other oil economies, it has resulted from diversifying sources of income and minimization on the reliance of oil. Many sectors such as the monetary services, logistics, tourism and other strategic sectors in the economy engender not been favored by the government for the provision of oil. According to recent statistics oil contribution tom the GDP has decreased from 70% in 1971 to 29% in 2010. This approach portrays a massi ve achievement of the country in the area of economics because it portrays long contribution towards the stability of the national economy. According to the recent forecast by (IMF), the GDP growth of UAE is prone to rise from 3.3% in 2011 to 3.8% in 2012. It is to a fault pass judgment that the UAE will maintain a double figure surplus of around 10.3% in 2012.Environment has been rated as a potential component of The UAE development strategy, UAE has never overlooked the environment factor and has always regarded environment protection as a major goal of its sustainable development strategy. The government has addressed approximate desertification and developed water resources for increasing greenery.Agriculture has as well been addressed thoroughly by the government of UAE, and the government has been successful in achieving goals despite the problem of scarcity and desertification. The main goal for the development and growth of agriculture sector has been the provision of fo od to the local economy. This is because the government regards it as being an element of national security. The industrial sector has also boomed a lot on the 21st century with investment in this sector amounting to DH101.12 billion in 2010 (IMF). Around 4960 industries have been realised and the total enactment of workers employed has increased dramatically. This clearly portrays the vision of federal and local government to modify and develop the Industrial sector.Over the years UAE has managed to register a modern infrastructure which solidly addresses the needs of public services for citizens and businesses. The infrastructure not only includes roads, power and bridges but also transcends to include, specialize and economic free zones. The free zones are more than 30 in number and are grandly spread all over the emirates. The real solid ground sector at the Abu Dhabi and Dubai contributed heavily towards the transformation of the country (GCC). The real estate in these st ates has been referred to as the world renowned real estate front with sensitive and modified concepts and green building.The tourism sector has also improved tremendously over the years. It was the record high in 2010 with the number of tourists reaching over 10 million. What majorly contributed to the tourism sector has been the strategic location and home(prenominal) flow of local and foreign investments in the sector. The investment size associated with tourism and infrastructure has been 47 billion Dh on average over the last 10 years. Presently the Dubai Airport is bedded as the fourth best Airport of the world. Conferring to the Travel and tourism battle report of 2011 published by the world economic forum (IMF), the UAE was ranked 30 among the lot of 139 countries and was ranked first in the middle -east as the virtually progressive country in tourism and travel with the score of 4.78.The foreign trade accounts for 70% of the UAE Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country has a wide network of trading partners around the world and it enjoys bilateral trade relations all of them. It is forecasted that the foreign trade will grow in excess of 25% after 2011, because of the massive improvements in the economic environment of the UAE (Trade). The UAE is among the largest exporter and importer countries of the world with exports of $235 billion and imports of $170 billion. The exports comprise of 2% of the total world exports whereas the imports comprise of 1.4% of the total world imports. The massive balance of payment surplus has benefitted the economy of UAE tremendously. Non-oil exports of the country have increased form Dh 2 billion in 1981 to Dh 27.4 billion in 2010. Dubai standard for 82% of the total nonoil exports of the UAE in 2010. Abu Dhabi comprised of 14% and Ras-Al-Khaimah comprised of 2.5% of the total nonoil exports in the UAE.The financial services sector (UAE) has also witnessed rapid growth in the past some years. An important role w as played by the commercial and specialized banks of the UAE in sponsoring economic activity and trade in the country. Fifty one banks are soon operating in the country including 23 national banks. Financial markets have also contributed heavily in mobilization of domestic savings the Abu Dhabi securities market and the Dubai financial market are figured as the main financial markets of the country. Dubai International financial market was also complete to become the free zone for the virtually important financial centers in North Africa and the Middle-East. The government also invested its accumulated surpluses in international institutions such as the Abu Dhabi investment authority, and this contributed heavily to the countrys domestic wealth (Suwaidi).When it comes down to competition UAE has achieved record figures in Arab and the international competitiveness field. UAE regards competitiveness as its most strategic direction. For the sake of this the government has establish ed a council known as the Emirates competitiveness Council. The aim of this council is to improve the performance of the key sectors of the country and to ensure the wellbeing and good quality life for its citizens. The economic council of Dubai also setup the Dubai competitiveness center. The aim of this center is to kind Dubai as the utmost competitive city in the world. Abu Dhabi department of economic development has also established a competitive office. All these bodies work together for the national economy which is taking a lot of strides to include UAE among the best economies of UAE till the year 2021.UAE is now ranked among the top in the competitive group. It is ranked third in the Arabs world and twenty seventh worldwide (Jones). The main competitors of UAE in the Arab world have been Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Egypt to say the least. The global competitiveness report has allotted high rank to the UAE for the past three years (2011-2012). UAE leads the list of emerging markets that includes India, China, Russia and Brazil.E-Government in the UAE.The federal egovernment project started in the UAE in the year 2001 when the ministry of finance carried out the edirham. It was the first eservice that helped the electronic payment for accessing the federal government services (Interact).Since then, many of the federal and local level entities have launched eservices that have proven to be time efficient and cost efficient and the government is also experiencing reduced available be and increased efficiency In offering the services.The egovernment strategy was then setup in 2003. IBM helped to conduct an evaluation study for the development of the executive plan. The ministry of finance started an operational plan for e-government in 2004. The memorandum of understanding was signed between Etisalat and the government to provide infrastructure for e-government in March 2005. Then finally in june 2008 the TRA passed a resolution to develop a plan for IT in the federal government.Federal E-GOVERNMENT Plan 2012-2014The vision of the federal government of the UAE 2012-2014 plan is to maximize the competitiveness of the UAE by the provision of world class practices in all the areas of E-government.The federal E-Government plan development is dependent upon a strategic framework consisting of three dimensions. The dimensions include E-Services, E-readiness and the ICT environment (Interact)E-Government has been successfully launched in the UAE and is operating at local levels as well. six out of seven emirates including Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah. All of them have launched their official portals.E-COMMERCE in the UAEThe E-Commerce is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the E-commerce Law and the services of certification in the UAE. It promotes adherence to the regulations and laws which enables safe and secure E-commerce transactions. The ultimate mission and target of E-comm erce department is to promote economic development and technological advancement and innovation within the defined limits of a just e-commerce regulatory regime totally in line with the global standards (Aya). It also aims to establish a regulatory and licensing regime that will be responsible for providing optimal development and encourage innovation, growth, competition and massive investment in the UAE ICT and the ecommerce sector, via implementation of the best global practices and standards while responding to the market needs and local consumers.THREATS TO THE UAE ECONOMYUAE economy is not perfect as yet and is settle down not the number one economy of middle-east. It has to strive hard in order to be more competitive in the region. The economy of UAE is facing heavy competition from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Saudi Arabia has a lot of oil reserves and many seaports for international trade. The competition is intense. UAE has just managed to pass both Saudi Arabia and Egypt in t he UAE (Abdul Basit) but it is still not enough to get a comprehensive lead in the economic standing of the region. Some of the recent threats to the UAE economy has include the recent Euro Crisis in Europe. IMF has smotherd a warning to the UAE that it could be hit by the worsening situation in Europe after the recent news of Spain seeking a 100 billion euros bail out. Other threats to the UAE economy include the heavy government subsidies by the government in the UAE and its agriculture sector. The obsolete tax system is ranked as a potential threat as well because it is very different from the tax system around the world. Job cuts in the Expanding UAE economy have also been listed as a potential threat to the economy as a whole (Bundhun). Diminishing Oil reserves in Dubai is also an issue that needs to be taken into account. Although UAE has been pretty successful in shifting from oil to nonoil exports, yet the focus should be on decreasing the oil exports come along to create a provision for diminishing oil reserves.The emerging economic world powers in the world include China, India, Turkey, Russia, Brazil to name a few. UAE is a trading partner to china and the importance of trading partners is every high because china is also among the fastest growing emerging economies today. USA is going through a a bad patch right now because of its deteriorating economic conditions, but it is a strategic partner of UAE in trade and infrastructure. American goods and services discover a ready market here provided they bring a technological superiority or a new feature. Along with that US is also among the biggest competitor of UAE because of its high quality products with latest technology and after sales service. The competition is intensely high and UAE will have to focus on the quality and after sales service to compete effectively in the future (Interact).CONCLUSIONLooking at all the recent developments and the achievements of UAE, it is true to say that UAE ha s been playacting like a champion in the past decade with constant innovations and increased international trade. The introduction of E government and E commerce has helped the domestic economy lot in everyday life (Aya). The main focus of this system by UAE was to accelerate continuous in the economy. The International standing OF UAE has also improved a lot and it is now ranked 27th in the world and third in the UAE (Jones) which is no less than a milestone for them. The addiction on oil exports has increased and non-oil exports now comprise of more than 70% of the total exports, Dubai being the highest contributor in the non-oil exports sector. This will also prove to be an Asset for UAE in the times of oil crisis. The manufacturing sector of the economy is also booming and is now ranked as the number one manufacturing sector in the UAE. With all these milestones and achievements it is not hard to believe that UAE will be among the best economies of the world till 2021.

The Conflicting Societies in Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Fl

The Conflicting Societies in Lord of the Flies         Throughout the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, many another(prenominal) different conflicting societies develop.  These groups of young English school boys have conflicts between them for many different reasons.  Some of them are so spread apart in long time that their beliefs and actions are precise different.  Other groups are conflicting because they have different opinions about who the leader of the entire group should be.  The groups also argue about what their priorities should be while trapped on the island.  These conflicts continue to grow until the very end, when nonpareil group fin ally gains supremacy.         From the very beginning it can be seen that the boys have already begun to divide into two groups.  When Ralph calls the first meeting the boys have together by summoning them with a conch shell, he decides they should vote on a leader.  A boy named Jack Merridew thinks that he should be the chief because he is chapter chorister and head boy. (22)  Another boy nominates Ralph for leader, because he is the one that called for the meeting.  When it comes time to vote, the choir members vote for Jack, while all the other boys vote for Ralph.  After he is elected leader, Ralph tells Jack that he is in charge of his choir.  Jack tells Ralph that they will be the hunters, and Ralph agrees.  This causes the boys to be divided into one group led by Ralph, and the hunting group made up of the choir members, led by Jack Merridew.         Being organized and civilized is very important to Ralph.  He dec... ...cause a Navy ship spots the fire, and rescues the boys.   The novel Lord of the Flies shows how one group, when put under certain circumstances, can be completely transformed.  The group starts out as a group of schoolboys who try to work together in order to survive.  They try to use the skills they have been taught as civilized human beings to do whatever they can to be rescued.  However, things fall apart very quickly.  They lose sight of what they are trying to accomplish, and lose desire of being rescued.  The evil nature within the boys comes through, taking over their minds.  All they can think about now is hunting and killing.  Even the most prudent ones are transformed into savages, or they are murdered.                 

Kurt Vonnegut :: essays research papers

Kurt Vonnegut has always had a great awareness of the destructive tender concussion ofscience and technology. Contraptions that Vonnegut calls social transplants replace realrelatives and friends with synthetic ones. Recordings, radio and television are just a few of thesedevices. They make it possible to bring synthetic relatives and friends right into your understructure andreplace those friends and relatives who are non perfect, nor even consistent, with a better class ofpeople. Vonneguts least favorite technology is the computer, because it is a nervous system out of doors of our own, and it has deprived humans of the experience of becoming. All they nourish todo now is wait for the next program from Microsoft (Pickering 24). Films, take holds and playsshow us people talking overmuch more entertainingly than people really talk. Singers and musiciansshow us humans making sounds far lovelier than humans really make (Skaw 568). All of thesetechnological sirements have decre ased the amount of contact we have with other humans.The first of these transplants took place in the 4th century before Christ. Audiences acceptedattractive people who memorized fire things to say on stage as genuine relatives andfriends (Vonnegut 266). We no longer have a need to make conversation with our dreadful realfamily and friends, not when we have all of these technological and entertaining transplantedfriends and family. Vonnegut believes contemporary society is lonely because we have alienatedourselves from each other because of all of the technology in our world. end-to-end his manywritings Vonnegut shows his fascination with the way technology changes the socialenvironment (Lundquist 88). He never abandons his theme of hatred for science and technology and its social impacton society. Vonnegut also believes that we no longer have developed inclinations because ofdestructive technological developments. We are not born with an idea teachers andparents help us to deve lop it. Imagination was once very important because it was your majorsource of entertainment. The imagination circuit is built in your head. People john read a book andenvision it in their mind. However, this is no longer necessary. Now there are shows, actors, andmovies that show us the story instead of letting us use our imagination to envision it. We do notneed imagination just like we do not need to know how to ride horses in our society. We havecars that can go much faster than horses so why learn how to ride one? This question can beapplied to imagination. Why unleash your imagination to envision an unknown world in a book

Schizophrenia Essay -- essays research papers

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder. It is a disease that makes it difficultfor a somebody to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, tothink logically, to give up normal emotional responses to other, and to turn outnormally in social situations. People with schizophrenic psychosis may also havedifficulty in remembering, talking, and behaving appropriately. Schizophreniais one of the most common mental illnesses. About 1% of the worldpopulation has schizophrenic disorder. In the United States, there are about 2.5 millionpeople with the disease. Schizophrenia is the cause of more hospitalizationsthan most any other illness. Schizophrenia most usually begins betweenthe ages of 15 and 25. Although it strikes men and women equally, thesymptoms may appear later in women than in men. Very rarely, thesymptoms of schizophrenia can appear before the age of 12. childhoodschizophrenia has a more chronic disease course and involves poor earlylanguage de velopment. People with schizophrenia can have a categorisation ofsymptoms. Sometimes, these symptoms come on suddenly. Usually, though,the illness develops slowly over months or even years. At first, the symptomsmay not be noticed or may be confused with those of other conditions. Forexample, people with schizophrenia may feel tense, be unable to c erstwhilentrate,or have trouble sleeping. They often become increasingly apart(p) andwithdrawn as their grip on reality loosens. They do not make or keep friends.They may stop caring about the focussing they look. Dropping out of school ordoing badly at work are other early signs of schizophrenia. As the illnessprogresses, symptoms of psychosis develop. The person starts to act queerly and talk nonsensically. People with schizophrenia may developparanoid delusions. Examples of this would be that they might see, feel, smell,or hear things that are not really there. They may have physical symptoms,like frowning or unusual movements, and may stand or sit in strange positions.Some people become almost motionless. Others move around constantly.The severity of symptoms will vary from one person to another. Thesymptoms also tend to worsen and improve. When the symptoms areimproved, the person may appear to behave relatively normally, but usuallythere will be re... ...therapy mayhelp person with schizophrenia learn to sort out the real from the unreal. mathematical group therapy may help them learn to get along with others. Self-help groupsmay help persons with schizophrenia feel that others share their problems.The best expression to prevent relapses is to continue to persuade the prescribedmedication. People with schizophrenia may stop taking their medications forseveral reasons. Side effects are one of the most valuable reasons thatpeople with schizophrenia stop taking their medication. It is hard for peopleto put up with unpleasant side effects for months or years. It is especially hardwhen the person feels well. It is very important to find the medication thatcontrols symptoms without causing side effects. Convenience is alsoimportant. Some medications need to be taken two, three, or even four timesa day. Others may be taken just once a day. People are more likely toremember to take a medication once a day than several times a day. Somepeople profer to get injections every month of long-lasting medication. Takingmedications regularly is the best way to prevent repeated illness andhospitalization.